Higher intensity of suburban railway line transportation and provision of its safety in conditions of simultaneous reduction of operational costs for railway-yard maintenance have even requirements towards reliability level and maintenance quality provided for rolling stock.
Statistically, an electro-pneumatic system and its parts is highly vulnerable to the impact of human factor during maintenance and repair and damageable during operation. It’s about 80% of all damages and at least 75% of all costs for maintenance and repair.
The article presents the results of studies on the development for diagnostics of electro-pneumatic systems, which allows to increase the accuracy by increasing the depth and completeness of the diagnostics.
Kostyukov Al.V., Kazarin D.V., Schelkanov A.V. Method for diagnostics of electro-pneumatic systems of electric trains // Dinamika sistem, mehanizmov i mashin (Dynamics of systems, mechanisms and machines). - Omsk: OmSTU, 2014. - Iss. 4. - p. 158-161.
Solution for the problem of safe and reliable operation of machines of hazardous petrochemical facilities is directly related to the monitoring of their operational risks.
To monitor risks of hazardous production facilities one need to assess the performance of equipment reliability in real operating conditions, to know the mean time of machinery operation before defect nucleation and occurrence of a dangerous technical condition (emergency).
In addition, the reliability analysis of machinery units of petrochemical facilities shows that dynamic equipment accounts for more than 70% of failures.
Thus, the solution for the most important problems of safe and reliable operation of machines of continuous hazardous productions of petrochemical facilities is to determine the mean time of the machinery operation considering different technical conditions.
Kostyukov V.N., Kostyukov A.V., Sinitsyn A.A., Tarasov E.V. Reliability assessment of safe operation of petrochemical facilities // Dinamika sistem, mehanizmov i mashin (Dynamics of systems, mechanisms and machines). - Omsk: OmSTU, 2014. - Iss. 4. - p. 154-157.
In general case, using a combination of diagnostic features, with each feature characterizing the diagnostic object’s condition with a certain probability, it would be correct to establish a critical rule by which the combination of features would be considered to be related to one of the possible states (diagnoses). In particular case, it is important to distinguish two diagnoses (differential diagnostics or dichotomy), such as “good condition” and “faulty condition”.
Methods of statistics decisions, such as minimal risk method, minimal faulty decision method, minimax method, Neumann-Pearson method, maximum likelihood method allow to choose the critical rule using optimum conditions, such as minimum risk condition, reducing chance of a diagnostic error at a set level of another error.
The paper considers selection of a method for establishing standard values of diagnostic features using a theory of statistic decisions-making. The paper dwells upon calculation of probability of defect skipping and false alarm, as well as failure skipping risk while establishing a standard feature value by various methods of decision-making.
Kostyukov V.N., Naumenko A.P. Risk assessment for establishing standard values of diagnostic features // Dinamika sistem, mehanizmov i mashin (Dynamics of systems, mechanisms and machines). - Omsk: OmSTU, 2014. - Iss. 4. - p. 150-154.
The paper dwells upon the development results of an experimental unit intended to be used as a part of a comprehensive program to study vibration-acoustic processes in order to obtain data on vibration of mechanical parts of a rolling stock in operation.
Kostyukov V.N., Kostyukov Al.V., Boyarnikov A.V., Schelkanov A.V., Kazarin D.V., Tsurpal A.E., Yudin K.V., Aleksandrov I.V., Melk V.V. Measuring system for broadband vibration-acoustic processes // Dinamika sistem, mehanizmov i mashin (Dynamics of systems, mechanisms and machines). - Omsk: OmSTU, 2014. - Iss. 4. - p. 146-149.
Development of methodology and technology for piston compressors health control, diagnostics and monitoring by means of vibration analysis, as well as algorithms of automatic systems for piston compressors monitoring which provide their fault-free operation, is an actual problem.
Data collection and processing is the basis of piston compressors monitoring and diagnostics technology, thus providing compressors defects and malfunctions detection with a specified depth of their detailing and reliability and a hazard level.
Realization of monitoring and diagnostics technology is based on application of vibration-acoustic signals structure models upon occurrence of various defects and malfunctions in piston compressors components, set of malfunctions and standard values diagnostic features, methods of vibration-acoustic signals transformation and a system for their parameters estimation.
The paper considers methodology of the diagnostic signal processing and the monitoring system functional diagram.
The proposed monitoring and diagnostics methodology is based on measurement of vibration-acoustic oscillations parameters and characteristics, as well as measurement of direct structural and thermodynamic parameters.
The structure and functioning principles of the expert system for decision-making support have been presented.
Functioning algorithm of the automatic expert system includes calculation of the diagnostic features values based on their normative ones, formation of the diagnostic features sets which correspond to individual malfunctions classes and formation of the expert system messages.
The scheme of the system for piston compressors real-time condition monitoring has been considered.
The system has a series-parallel structure of a data-measuring complex for data collection and processing, which allows to measure the vibration-acoustic signals parameters for piston compressors and their operating modes monitoring. Besides, the system allows to measure other physical processes parameters, for example, for monitoring and diagnosis-making purposes it has been provided to measure and apply pressure in decreasing spaces (an indicator diagram), gas temperature, a rod position, leakage through stuffing boxes and others.
References:
GOST R 53563-2009. Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines. Monitoring the condition of the equipment hazardous. Order organization - DYNAMICS SPC, Russian Technical Expertise, Scientific-and-Industrial Union "RISCOM", NPO "RDC CD", – Introduced on 01/01/2011, Moscow, "Standardinform" - 2010 – 5 p.
Naumenko A.P., Vibration-acoustic model of piston compressor diagnostic signal // Dynamics of systems, mechanisms and machinery systems: materials of VII International Scientific and Technical Conference, 10-12 November 2009, Omsk. Omsk Technical State University, 2009. Vol. 2. P. 39-44.
Naumenko A.P., Methodology of vibration-acoustic diagnostics of piston machinery // Bauman’s MSTU Reporter. Special edition. Mechanical engineering series. Moscow, Moscow State Technical University n.a. N.E. Bauman. 2007. p. 85-95.
Naumenko A.P., Models of piston compressor vibration-acoustic signals // Science, Education and Business: materials of regional scientific and practical conference devoted to Radio day. Omsk, KAN, 2010, p. 114-120.
Naumenko A.P., On some models of piston machinery vibration-acoustic signal structure // Dvigatel – 2010: International Scientific conference, devoted to the 180-Anniversary of Moscow State Technical University n.a. N.E. Bauman [edited by N.A.Ivashchenko, V. A. Wagner, L.V.Grekhov]: Moscow State Technical University n.a. N.E. Bauman, 2010. С. 75-79.
Kostyukov V.N., Synthesis of invariant diagnostic features and the units health models for diagnostic purposes (article), V.N. Kostyukov, Omsk Scientific Bulletin, 2000, №12, pp. 77-81.
Kostyukov V.N., Naumenko A.P., Practice of piston machines vibration-acoustic diagnostics (article), V.N. Kostyukov, A.P. Naumenko, Collected works on engine building problems, devoted to the 175th Anniversary of Moscow State Technical University n.a. N.E. Bauman, Moscow, 2005, pp. 30-33.
Kostyukov V.N., Naumenko A.P., Problems and solutions of piston compressors safe operation (article), V.N. Kostyukov, A.P. Naumenko, Compressor Techniques and Pneumatics, 2008, №3, pp. 21-28.
Kostyukov V.N., Naumenko A.P., Solution for problems of piston compressors safe operation (article), V.N. Kostyukov, A.P. Naumenko, Assembling in Mechanical Engineering and Instrument-Making, 2009, №3, pp. 27-36.
Naumenko A.P., On vibrational diagnostic parameters’ choice// Science, Education and Business: materials of regional scientific and practical conference devoted to Radio day. Omsk, KAN, 2010, p 106-115.
GOST R 53565-2009. Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines. Monitoring the condition of the equipment hazardous. Vibration centrifugal pump and compressor units - DYNAMICS SPC, Russian Technical Expertise, Scientific-and-Industrial Union "RISCOM", NPO "RDC CD", - Introduced on 01/01/2011, Moscow, "Standardinform" – 2010 - 8 p.
Kostyukov V.N., Rationing of vibration parameters within piston compressors diagnostics (article), V.N. Kostyukov, Consumers – manufacturers of compressors and compressor equipment, 7th International Symposium, Proceedings, Saint-Petersburg, 2001, pp. 90-93.
Kostyukov V.N., Naumenko A.P., Regulatory and methodological support of piston compressors health monitoring (article), V.N. Kostyukov, A.P. Naumenko, Testing. Diagnostics, 2005, №11, pp. 20-23.
Naumenko A.P., Modern methods and means of real-time piston machinery health monitoring / Compressor machinery and pneumatics. №8, 2010. p. 27-34.
Kostyukov V.N., Naumenko A.P., Boychenko S.N.. Method of vibration diagnostics of machinery: pat. 2 314 508 Russian Federation. 2006135874/28; declared 10.10.2006; published 10.01.2008. Bulletin No. 1.
Kostyukov V.N., Naumenko A.P., Boychenko S.N.. Method of vibration diagnostics of piston cars’ condition by spectral invariants: pat. 2 337 341 Russian Federation. No. 2007113529/28; declared 11.04.2007; published 27.10.2008. Bulletin No. 30.
Kostyukov V.N., Naumenko A.P., Method of vibration diagnostics of objects: pat. 2 363 936 Russian Federation. 2008121486/28; declared 27.05.2008. published 10.08.2009. Bulletin No. 22.
GOST R 53564-2009. Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines. Monitoring the condition of the equipment hazardous. Requirements for monitoring - DYNAMICS SPC, Russian Technical Expertise, Scientific-and-Industrial Union "RISCOM", NPO "RDC CD", - Introduced on 01/01/2011, Moscow, "Standardinform" - 2010 – 20 p.
Kostyukov V.N., Boychenko S.N., Kostyukov Al.V., Automated control systems for safe money-saving operation of refineries and petrochemical plants equipment (ACS SMSPM - COMPACS®) (monograph), V.N. Kostyukov, S.N. Boychenko, Al.V. Kostyukov, Moscow, Mechanical Engineering, 1999, 163 p.
Kostyukov V.N., Naumenko A.P., Health monitoring system for reciprocating machines (article), V.N. Kostyukov, A.P. Naumenko, Testing. Diagnostics, 2007, №3 (105), pp. 50-59.
Naumenko A.P., Real-time condition monitoring of reciprocating machines (full report text) // CM2009/MFPT2009 (The sixth international conference on condition monitoring and machinery failure prevention technologies): materials of a conference (June 23-25, 2009). Irish, Dublin, 2009. Pp. 1202-1213.
Naumenko A.P., Research on vibration-acoustic parameters of piston units // Dvigatel – 2007: materials of International Scientific and Technical Conference [edited by N.A.Ivashchenko, V. A. Wagner, L.V.Grekhov] М.: Moscow State Technical University n.a. N.E. Bauman, 2007. P. 518-525.
Naumenko A.P. Diagnostics and Condition Monitoring of piston compressors // CM2010/MFPT2010 (The Seventh International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Machinery Failure Prevention Technologies) (June 22-24, 2010): materials of a conference. England, Stratford-upon-Avon, 2010. Pp. 1-11. 1 CD-disk (CD-ROM).
Vibration in Technic: Reference book in 6 volumes. [edit. council: V.N. Chelomey]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie, 1981. Vol. 5. Measurings and testings [under edit. Of M.D. Genkin]. 1981. 496 p.
Kostyukov V.N., Naumenko A.P. Technology of piston compressors real-time diagnostics and monitoring // Condition Monitoring and Machinery Failure Prevention Technologies (СМ/MFPT 2014)
Analysis of accidents and machinery comprising rotating parts has revealed that a considerable amount of shutdowns is caused by the destruction of rolling bearings (40-50 %). To solve the problem of preventing sudden failures of the bearings one shall implement vibration monitoring of bearings condition during operation and switch from PPM to a condition-based maintenance and repair system.
Almost all existing methods of rolling bearing condition diagnostics deal with analysis of vibration-acoustic signals in time or frequency domains. But since operation of bearings within the machinery unit sometimes produces a lot of noise, there is a chance of a second-kind error occurrence.
That is why an increase of reliability of diagnostic results due to new method development is an urgent task. In that connection, a study of changes in characteristic function parameters of vibration-acoustic signals of bearings during condition measurement arouses a great interest.
Kostyukov V.N., Naumenko A.P., Kudryavtseva I.S. Diagnostics of rolling bearings by characteristic function parameters // Dinamika sistem, mehanizmov i mashin (Dynamics of systems, mechanisms and machines). - Omsk: OmSTU, 2014. - Iss. 4. - p. 142-145.
Solving the task of increasing transport volumes at suburbian railway lines and their quality in conditions of transportation safety provision with simultaneous reduction of operational costs requires automatic systems for rolling stock diagnostics in depot.
The technology of electric train condition assessment by means of the COMPACS®-EXPRESS-TR3 system described in the paper, which does not cancel the order existing in the Russian Railways regulating the PPM and repair process, allows significantely speed-up and simplify train maintnance in depot in case when large amounts of machines require maintnance. It is possible by the timely accurate and high-quality codition monitoring of the main sub-systems of electric trains in depot.
Such decision also alows to reduce non-productive downtime of train units waiting for train to be assembled, adjusted and run-in; obtain almost full elimination of defects and operational failures due to maintnance staff‘s incompetence, i.e. reduce equipment‘s damagebility by at least 50-60%, providing high level of safety and uninterrupted operation of suburbian railway lines.
Kostyukov Al.V., Kazarin D.V., Serov A.A. The technology for comprehensive condition assessment of depot trains // Dinamika sistem, mehanizmov i mashin (Dynamics of systems, mechanisms and machines). - Omsk: OmSTU, 2014. - Iss. 4. - p. 139-142
Condition monitoring systems for machinery comprise dozens or even hundreds of vibration and temperature sensors. Designing multi-purpose sensors measuring various parameters is an urgent task in instrument making industry.
Nowadays, due to high reliability and temperature tolerance sensors made of piezoceramic materials become widely spread. The piezoceramic sensors are intended to measure force, pressure, acceleration, humidity, temperature and flowrate. But, for example, force sensors use direct piezo-effect comprising change of charge value at the opposite surfaces of a crystal caused by tensile or compressive forces.
Temperature measurement by means of piezo-crystal, as a rule, is based on anisotropy – by selecting a particular piezo-element slice orientation in relation to crystallographic axis one can change its thermal frequency response (TFR) which, generally, is a non-linear temperature function.
The paper is devoted to development of a method for temperature evaluation by means of piezoceramic vibration transducer. The paper reveals the results of development and testing of vibration/temperature piezo-sensor. Temperature measurement error within the whole vibration measurement range does not exceed ±1ºС in case when the air temperature range varies from –40ºС to +100ºС.
Kostyukov V.N., Kostyukov Al.V., Boyarnikov A.V. Multifunctional sensors made of piezoceramic materials // Dinamika sistem, mehanizmov i mashin (Dynamics of systems, mechanisms and machines). - Omsk: OmSTU, 2014. - Iss. 4. - p. 135-138.
Centrifugal pump operation in cavitation mode may cause fast destruction of running wheel, pipe lines, and additional vibration loads at machine’s structure. In that connection, automatic diagnostics of cavitation mode is vital for safety of its operation.
Today, the main method of centrifugal pump condition evaluation, including its condition in cavitation mode, is the vibration-acoustic method, comprising the analysis of vibration signal on the surface of the machinery unit. As the result of the signal analysis, a special expert system creates a set of diagnostic features by which using rules of basic logic a diagnostic expert message is issued.
The paper dwells upon centrifugal pump cavitation diagnostics using one of modern methods of non-linear dynamics - the fractal theory, which uses Hurst index, correlating with vibration signal dimensions as a diagnostic feature. The main advantage of the feature is independence from the level of analyzed signal, and, consequently, from size and power of the machinery unit.
Kostyukov V.N., Boychenko S.N. Hurst index in real-time diagnostics and monitoring of centrifugal pump operation in cavitation mode // Dinamika sistem, mehanizmov i mashin (Dynamics of systems, mechanisms and machines). - Omsk: OmSTU, 2014. - Iss. 4. - p. 132-135.
Safe resource-saving operation of machinery in production and transport industries is an urgent task.
Machinery condition monitoring ensures observability and utilization of the Technology for safe resource-saving operation and maintenance.
The paper considers the experience in condition monitoring systems operation in power and railway transport industries.
Kostyukov V.N. Vibration monitoring of production and transport facilities // Dinamika sistem, mehanizmov i mashin (Dynamics of systems, mechanisms and machines). - Omsk: OmSTU, 2014. - Iss. 4. - p. 129-132.
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